Figure 1.

Target genes activated by rifampicin via PXR and CAR. Rifampicin (Rif) induces nuclear receptors PXR and CAR that in turn activate a set of target genes including phase I enzymes such as CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, and phase II enzymes such as UGTs, GSTs and phase III enzymes such as p-glycoprotein. PXR and CAR are also regulated by HNF4α and these target genes are also regulated by Vitamin D3, and dexamethasone (Dex).